2023 Economic Integration Data

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2023 Economic Integration Data

We measure outcomes (including income, unemployment, poverty, working poor, full time work, homeownership, and rent burden) of foreign-born New Yorkers to account for the effects of nativity status, race, gender and the intersections of these forces in the lives of foreign-born New Yorkers. Each comparative analysis controls for educational attainment levels and English proficiency. The comparative analyses are presented first in all educational levels in general and then in three different education levels (1) high school diploma and below, (2) some college and associate degree, and (3) bachelor's degree and above to account for the impact of education in comparisons.

Click on a comparative analysis below to see results by country and region:

(1)

Effects of nativity status: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born and native-born New Yorkers.

(2)

Effects of race: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born of color and foreign-born Whites.

(3)

Effects of gender: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born females and foreign-born males.

(4)

Effects of nativity status and race: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born of color and native-born Whites.

(5)

Effects of nativity status and gender: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born females and native-born males.

(6)

Effects of nativity status, race and gender: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born females of color and native-born White males.

(7)

Effects of language proficiency: Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born Limited English proficient and foreign-born English proficient New Yorkers.